Urea and thiourea derivatives

ABSTRACT

The invention is directed to a new class of quinolin-zene and z-exc chromen compounds that have been derivatized at the 6-position with a urea or this urea moet, and to then use as androgen antagonists.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of Provisional application Ser. No. 60/446,409, filed Feb. 11, 2003.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a new class of quinolin-2-ones and chromen-2-ones (hereinafter “quinolines and chromenes”), to their use as androgen receptor antagonists, to medicinals containing these compounds and to their use to alleviate conditions associated with inappropriate activation of the androgen receptor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid receptor (SR) family of transcriptional regulatory proteins that transduces the signaling information conveyed by androgens. Upon androgen binding, the androgen receptor is released from the repressive effects of an Hsp 90-based regulatory complex, allowing the receptor to either activate or inhibit transcription of target genes in a hormone-dependent manner. In addition to the role the androgen receptor plays in male sex determination, its activation plays a critical role in the development and progression of benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate cancer, seborrhea, acne, premenstrual syndrome, lung cancer, ovarian polycyclic syndrome, hirsutism, and hair loss. Thus, the androgen receptor is an important target in multiple areas of drug discovery.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,924 discloses a class of non-steroidal compounds, pyridinoquinolines that have affinity for the androgen receptor. The '924 patent describes these compounds as being agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and partial antagonists, etc. The '924 patent provides no guidance on how to achieve a specific biological effect (i.e. agonist versus antagonist). Agonists have the ability to masculinize females, whereas antagonists feminize males. Such side effects limit the potential applicability of androgen therapy.

PCT applications WO 01/16133 and WO 01/16139 also disclose non-steroidal compounds that have affinity for the androgen receptor. Examples of such structures include pyrazinoquinolines, oxazinoquinolines, and pyridinoquinolines. The PCT application does not disclose any 6-thiourea-quinolin-2-ones, 6-urea-quinoline-2-ones, 6-thiourea-chromen-2-ones or 6-urea-chromen-2-ones.

PCT application WO 01/16108 discloses non-steroidal compounds having affinity for the androgen receptor. Like the '924 patent described above, the compounds are described as having both agonist and antagonist effects. Some of the compounds of the PCT application are quinolin-2-one derivatives. The PCT application does not disclose any 6-thiourea-quinolin-2-ones, 6-urea-quinolin-2-ones, 6-thiourea-chromen-2-ones or 6-urea-chromen-2-ones.

While the prior art describes compounds having affinity for the androgen receptor, it does not describe how to achieve selectivity with respect to this affinity (i.e. agonist or antagonist). The physiological impact of this affinity is often an undesirable side effect, depending upon the gender of the patient. Thus a need exists in the art for androgen receptor antagonists.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, a new class of androgen receptor antagonists bus been discovered. These compounds may be represented by the following formula:

in which;

-   a. M is NZ or O; -   b. Z is represented by H or C₁–C₄ alkyl; -   c. R¹ is represented by hydrogen, (C₁–C₂)alkyl, optionally     substituted with one or more halogens, or (C₁–C₂)alkoxy, optionally     substituted with one or more halogens; -   d. R² is absent, or may represent up to 2 substituents selected from     the group consisting of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl,     (C₂–C₄)alkenyl, (C₂–C₄)alkynyl, (C₁–C₄)alkoxy, (C₁–C₂)alkyl     substituted with one or more halogens, (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted     with one or more halogens, SR⁴, and NR⁴R⁵; -   e. X is represented by O or S; -   f. A is represented by hydrogen, (C₁–C₈)alkyl, (C₂–C₈)alkenyl,     (C₂–C₈)alkynyl, —[CH₂]_(m)C(O)OR⁴, —[CH₂]_(m)C(O)R⁴,     —[CH₂]_(m)C(O)NR⁴R⁵, —[CH₂]_(m)-D-[CH₂]_(n)—CH₃, or (CH₂)_(n)—R₃—R₆; -   g. D is O or S; -   h. m is an integer selected from 1 to 6; -   i. n is an integer from 0 to 6; -   j. R³ is represented by optionally substituted phenyl, optionally     substituted naphthyl, C₃–C₈ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted     heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heterocyclic; -   k. R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently represented by hydrogen,     (C₁–C₄)alkyl, optionally substituted benzyl or optionally     substituted phenyl, and; -   l. R⁶ is absent, or is represented by a substituent selected from     the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally     substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted phenoxy,     C₃–C₈cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic, and optionally     substituted heteroaryl.

The compounds of Formula I are androgen receptor antagonists. The compounds will inhibit, or decrease, activation of the androgen receptor by androgens. The compounds can be used to treat, or alleviate, conditions associated with inappropriate activation of the androgen receptor. Examples of such conditions include, but are not limited to, acne, excess seborrhea secretion, alopecia, prostrate cancer, hirsutism, etc.

The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one of the compounds of Formula I, in an amount effective to decrease activation of the androgen receptor. In a further embodiment, the invention is directed to an article of manufacture containing a compound of Formula I, packaged for retail distribution, in association with instructions advising the consumer on how to use the compound to alleviate a condition associated with inappropriate activation of the androgen receptor. An additional embodiment is directed to the use of a compound of Formula I as a diagnostic agent to detect inappropriate activation of the androgen receptor.

In a further embodiment, the compounds of Formula I are used topically to induce and/or stimulate hair growth and/or to slow down hair loss. The compounds may also be used topically in the treatment of hyperseborrhoea and/or of acne.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The headings within this document are only being utilized expediate its review by the reader. They should not be construed as limiting the invention or claims in any manner.

Definitions and Exemplification

As used throughout this application, including the claims, the following terms have the meanings defined below, unless specifically indicated otherwise. The plural and singular should be treated as interchangeable, other than the indication of number:

-   -   a. “C₁–C₄alkyl” refers to a branched or straight chained alkyl         group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl,         ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, etc.     -   b. “C₁–C₈alkyl” refers to a branched or straight chained alkyl         group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methyl,         ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentane,         neopentane, isopentane, n-hexyl, n-octyl, etc     -   c. “C₁–C₄ alkoxy” refers to a straight or branched chain alkoxy         group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methoxy,         ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, etc     -   d. “halogen” refers to a chlorine, fluorine or bromine atom.     -   e. “C₁–C₂ alkyl substituted with one or more halogen atoms”         refers to a straight chained alkyl group containing 1 or 2         carbon atoms, i.e. methyl or ethyl, in which at least one         hydrogen atom is replaced with a halogen. Examples include         chloromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, etc.     -   f. “C₁–C₂alkoxy substituted with one or more halogen atoms”         refers to a straight chained alkoxy group containing 1 or 2         carbon atoms, ie, methoxy or ethoxy in which at least one         hydrogen atom is replaced with a halogen.     -   g. “C₂–C₄ alkenyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain         hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and 1,         or more, carbon-carbon double bonds. Examples of alkenyl         radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, 1,4-butadienyl and the like     -   h. “C₂–C₈ alkenyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain         hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and 1,         or more, carbon-carbon double bonds. Examples of alkenyl         radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, 1,4-butadienyl, 1-hexenyl,         2-hexenyl, 1,4-hexadienyl, and the like.     -   i. “C₂–C₄ alkynyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain         hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and         having 1, or more, carbon-carbon triple bonds. Examples of         alkynyl radicals include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl and the         like.     -   j. “C₂–C₈ alkynyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain         hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and         having 1, or more, carbon-carbon triple bonds. Examples of         alkynyl radicals include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, 1-pentynyl,         2-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 4-octynyl, and the like     -   k. “optionally substituted phenyl” refers to a phenyl (C₆H₅)         which may be substituted with up to 2 substituents, each         substituent is independently selected from the group consisting         of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl, (C₁–C₄)alkoxy,         (C₁–C₂)alkyl substituted with one or more halogens,         (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted with one or more halogens, SR⁴, and         NR⁴R⁵. These substituents may be the same or different and may         be located at any of the ortho, meta, or para positions.     -   l. “optionally substituted phenoxy” refers to a phenoxy,         O—(C₆H₅), which may be substituted with up to 2 substituents,         each substituent is independently selected from the group         consisting of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl,         (C₁–C₄)alkoxy, (C₁–C₂)alkyl substituted with one or more         halogens, (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted with one or more halogens,         SR⁴, and NR⁴R⁵. These substituents may be the same or different         and may be located at any of the ortho, meta, or para positions.     -   m. “optionally substituted benzyl” refers to a benzyl,         —CH₂—(C₆H₅) which may be substituted with up to 2 substituents,         each substituent is independently selected from the group         consisting of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl,         (C₁–C₄)alkoxy, (C₁–C₂)alkyl substituted with one or more         halogens, (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted with one or more halogens,         SR⁴, and NR⁴R⁵. These substituents may be the same or different         and may be located at any of the ortho, meta, or para positions.     -   n. “optionally substituted naphthyl” refers to a naphthalene         ring system, which may be substituted with up to 2 substituents,         each substituent is independently selected from the group         consisting of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl,         (C₁–C₄)alkoxy, (C₁–C₂)alkyl substituted with one or more         halogens, (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted with one or more halogens,         SR⁴, and NR⁴R⁵. These substituents may be located at any of         positions 2 thru 8 on the naphthalene ring (position 1 of the         naphthelene ring is the point of attachment to the rest of the         compound).     -   o. “heteroaryl” refers to aromatic ring having one, or more,         heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. More         specifically, it refers to a 5-, or 6-, membered ring containing         1, 2, or 3 nitrogen atoms; 1 oxygen atom; 1 sulfur atom; 1         nitrogen and 1 sulfur atom; 1 nitrogen and 1 oxygen atom; 2         nitrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom; or 2 nitrogen atoms and 1         sulfur atom. The 5-membered ring has 2 double bonds and the         6-membered ring has 3 double bonds. The term heteroaryl also         includes bicyclic groups in which the heteroaryl ring is fused         to a benzene ring, heterocyclic ring, a cycloalkyl ring, or         another heteroaryl ring. Examples of such heteroaryl ring         systems include, but is not limited to, pyrrolyl, furanyl,         thienyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl,         pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl-     -   p. “optionally substituted heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl         moiety as defined immediately above, in which up to 2 carbon         atoms of the heteroaryl moiety may be substituted with a         substituent, each substituent is independently selected from the         group consisting of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl,         (C₁–C₄)alkoxy, (C₁–C₂)alkyl substituted with one or more         halogens, (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted with one or more halogens,         SR⁴, and NR⁴R⁵.     -   q. “heterocycle” or “heterocyclic ring” refers to any 3- or         4-membered ring containing a heteroatom selected from oxygen,         nitrogen and sulfur; or a 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, or 10-membered         ring containing 1, 2, or 3 nitrogen atoms; 1 oxygen atom; 1         sulfur atom; 1 nitrogen and 1 sulfur atom; 1 nitrogen and 1         oxygen atom; 2 oxygen atoms in non-adjacent positions; 1 oxygen         and 1 sulfur atom in non-adjacent positions; or 2 sulfur atoms         in non-adjacent positions. The 5-membered ring has 0 to 1 double         bonds, the 6- and 7-membered rings have 0 to 2 double bonds, and         the 8, 9, or 10 membered rings may have 0, 1, 2, or 3 double         bonds. The term “heterocyclic” also includes bicyclic groups in         which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene         ring, a cyclohexane or cyclopentane ring or another heterocyclic         ring (for example, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl,         tetrahydroquinolyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl or         benzothienyl and the like). Heterocyclics include: pyrrolidinyl,         tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,         azepane, azocane, morpholinyl, and quinolinyl.     -   r. “optionally substituted heterocyclic” refers to a         heterocyclic moiety as defined immediately above, in which up to         2 carbon atoms of the heterocycle moiety may be substituted with         a substituent, each substituent is independently selected from         the group consisting of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl,         (C₁–C₄)alkoxy, (C₁–C₂)alkyl substituted with one or more         halogens, (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted with 1 or more halogens,         SR⁴, and NR⁴R⁵.     -   s. “C₃–C₈ cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or partially         saturated monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic alkyl radical         wherein each cyclic moiety has about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms.         Examples of cyclcoalkyl radicals include cyclopropyl,         cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, and the like.     -   t. “androgen” refers to testosterone and its precursors and         metabolites, and 5-alpha reduced androgens, including but not         limited to dihydrotestosterone. Androgen refers to androgens         from the testis, adrenal gland, and ovaries, as well as all         forms of natural, synthetic and substituted or modified         androgens.     -   u. “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” is intended to refer to         either “pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts” or         “pharmaceutically acceptable basic addition salts” depending         upon actual structure of the compound.     -   v. “pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts” is intended         to apply to any non-toxic organic or inorganic acid addition         salt of the base compounds represented by Formula I or any of         its intermediates. Illustrative inorganic acids which form         suitable salts include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, and         phosphoric acid and acid metal salts such as sodium monohydrogen         orthophosphate, and potassium hydrogen sulfate. Illustrative         organic acids, which form suitable salts include the mono-, di-,         and tricarboxylic acids. Illustrative of such acids are for         example, acetic, glycolic, lactic, pyruvic, malonic, succinic,         glutaric, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, maleic,         hydroxymaleic, benzoic, hydroxy-benzoic, phenylacetic, cinnamic,         salicylic, 2-phenoxybenzoic, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and         sulfonic acids such as methane sulfonic acid and 2-hydroxyethane         sulfonic acid. Such salts can exist in either a hydrated or         substantially anhydrous form. In general, the acid addition         salts of these compounds are soluble in water and various         hydrophilic organic solvents, and which in comparison to their         free base forms, generally demonstrate higher melting points.     -   w. “pharmaceutically acceptable basic addition salts” is         intended to apply to any non-toxic organic or inorganic basic         addition salts of the compounds represented by Formula I, or any         of its intermediates. Illustrative bases which form suitable         salts include alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal hydroxides         such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or barium         hydroxides; ammonia, and aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic         organic amines such as methylamine, dimethylamine,         trimethylamine, and picoline.     -   x. “prodrug” refers to compounds that are rapidly transformed in         vivo to yield the parent compound of the above formulas, for         example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is         provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, “Pro-drugs as Novel         Delivery Systems,” Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and         in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche,         American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987,         both of which are incorporated herein by reference.     -   y. “compound of Formula I” “compounds of the invention” and         “compounds” are used interchangeably throughout the application         and should be treated as synonoms.     -   z. “patient” refers to warm blooded animals such as, for         example, guinea pigs, mice, rats, gerbils, cats, rabbits, dogs,         monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans.     -   aa. “treat” refers to the ability of the compounds to either         relieve, alleviate, or slow the progression of the patient's         disease (or condition) or any tissue damage associated with the         disease.

Some of the compounds of Formula I will exist as optical isomers. Any reference in this application to one of the compounds represented by Formula I is meant to encompass either a specific optical isomer or a mixture of optical isomers (unless it is expressly excluded). The specific optical isomers can be separated and recovered by techniques known in the art such as chromatography on chiral stationary phases or resolution via chiral salt formation and subsequent separation by selective crystallization. Alternatively utilization of a specific optical isomer as the starting material will produce the corresponding isomer as the final product.

In addition, the compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the present invention.

Some of the compounds of Formula I are based upon a 6-urea/thiourea-quinolin-2-one nucleus. To further exemplify the invention this ring is depicted below along with its numbering system:

Position 1 of the quinoline nucleus contains a nitrogen atom. This nitrogen atom may be substituted with a lower alkyl group as described above. Position 6 of the quinoline ring will always be substituted with a urea or thiourea moiety as depicted in FIG. 1. Any of positions 3, 5, 7, or 8 of the quinoline nucleus may optionally be substituted with a substituent from the list described for R². Up to two of these positions may be substituted. Position 4 of the quinoline nucleus may optionally be substituted with one of the halogenated lower alkyl or alkoxy moieties described for R¹ above. Typically, Position 4 will be substituted with a trifluoromethyl function.

Adjacent to the urea or thiourea moiety is the substituent represented by A. One of the possible substituents that A may be represented by is a heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring. These hetero rings will be attached to the urea or thiourea via a carbon atom. They will not be bonded to the urea or thiourea moiety via a hetero atom.

The remaining compounds of Formula I are based upon a 6-urea/thiourea-2-oxo-chromene nucleus. To further exemplify the invention, this ring is depicted below along with its numbering system:

Position 1 of the chromene nucleus contains an oxygen atom. Position 6 of the chromene ring will always be substituted with a urea or thiourea moiety as depicted in FIG. 1. Any of positions 3, 5, 7, or 8 of the chromene nucleus may optionally be substituted with a substituent from the list described for R₂. Up to two of these positions may be substituted. Position 4 of the chromene nucleus may optionally be substituted with one of the halogenated lower alkyl or alkoxy moieties described for R¹ above. Typically, Position 4 will be substituted with a trifluoromethyl function.

Adjacent to the urea or thiourea moiety is the substituent represented by A. One of the possible substituents that A may be represented by is a heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring. These hetero rings will be attached to the urea or thiourea via a carbon atom. They will not be bonded to the urea or thiourea moiety via a hetero atom.

More specific embodiments of the invention are directed to compounds of Formula I in which:

-   a) M is represented by NZ, in which Z is hydrogen, R¹ is     trifluoromethyl, R² is absent, X is O, and A is as in Formula I; -   b) M is represented by NZ, in which Z is hydrogen, R¹ is     trifluoromethyl, R² is absent, X is S, and A is as in Formula I; -   c) M is represented by O, R¹ is trifluoromethyl, R² is absent, X is     O, and A is as in Formula I; -   d) M is represented by O, R¹ is trifluoromethyl, R² is absent, X is     S, and A is as in Formula I; -   e) M is represented by O, R¹ is trifluoromethyl, R² is absent, X is     O or S, and A is as optionally substituted phenyl; -   f) M is represented by NZ, in which Z is hydrogen, R¹ is     trifluoromethyl, R² is absent, X is S or O, and A is as optionally     substituted phenyl. -   g) M is represented by O, R¹ is trifluoromethyl, R² is absent, X is     O or S, and A is as —(C₁–C₈)alkyl-optionally substituted phenyl; -   h) M is represented by NZ, in which Z is hydrogen, R¹ is     trifluoromethyl, R² is absent, X is S or A, and A is as     —(C₁–C₈)alkyl-optionally substituted phenyl.

More Specifc Examples of Compounds encompassed by the invention includes:

-   a)     1-Naphthalen-1-yl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   b)     1-Cyclopropylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   c)     1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   d)     1-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   e)     1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   f)     1-Furan-2-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   g)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-p-tolylthiourea; -   h)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)thiourea; -   i)     1-(2-Cyclohex-1-enylethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-thiourea; -   j)     1-(2-Isopropylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   k)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiourea; -   l)     1-(5-Chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   m)     1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   n)     1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   o)     1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-thiourea; -   p)     1-Allyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   q)     1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   r)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(2-p-tolylethyl)thiourea; -   s)     1-Methyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   t)     1-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   u)     1-Isopropyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   v)     1-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   w)     1-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; -   x)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-o-tolylthiourea; -   y)     1-Naphthalen-1-yl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   z)     1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   aa)     1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   bb)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)urea; -   cc)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)urea; -   dd)     1-Furan-2-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   ee)     1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-thiourea; -   ff) 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-p-tolylthiourea; -   gg)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)thiourea; -   hh)     1-(3-Isopropylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   ii)     1-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   jj)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiourea; -   kk)     1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   ll)     1-(2-Cyclohex-1-enylethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   mm)     1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   nn)     1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea; -   oo)     1-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea; -   pp)     1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   qq)     1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(2-p-tolylethyl)thiourea; -   rr) 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-phenethylthiourea; -   ss)     1-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   tt)     1-(4-Methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   uu)     1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea; -   vv) 1-Hexyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea; -   ww) 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-o-tolylthiourea; -   xx)     1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; -   yy)     1-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea.     Synthesis

The compounds of Formula I can be prepared using methods analogous to those known in the art for the preparation of ureas and thioureas. The reader's attention is directed to J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3^(rd) edition, pages 802–803, John Wiley & Sons (1985) for a review of such reactions. Scheme I below provides a general overview of one synthetic route:

As depicted above, one of the starting materials is an appropriately substituted quinolin-2-one or 2-oxo-chromene (i.e. R¹, R², and M are as in the final product) that has been functionalized at the 6-position with an amine (Formula 2). The other starting material is an appropriately substituted isocyanate or isothiocyanate (i.e. A is as in the final product) as described by formula 3.

The amine of formula 2 is contacted with about one equivalent of the isocyanate/isothiocyanate of formula 3 in an anhydrous solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, etc. The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as pyridine at room temperature. The reaction is allowed to proceed to completion, which may be accomplished in from 5 minutes to 20 hours. At the completion of the reaction, the compound is typically isolated and recovered using techniques known in the art such as extraction, precipitation, etc. If desired, the compounds may be purified by flash chromatography or other techniques known to those skilled in the art.

The isocyanates and isothiocyanates of Formula 3 are known in the art. They may be prepared as taught in the literature, or more conveniently may be purchased from vendors such as Aldrich, which has an office located in St. Louis, Mo. USA. Further information may be obtained from Aldrich at, www.sigmaaldrich.com.

The amines of Formula 2 may be prepared by methods known in the art. One suitable method is a Knorr cyclisation which involves the condensation of a appropriate phenol or aniline with a β-ketoester using a suitable acid catalyst, such as, methanesulfonic acid, at elevated temperature of around 75° C. to yield the coumarins & quinolinones of formula 2, respectively. Alternatively, the corresponding 6-nitro-quinoline/coumarin derivative may be reduced to the corresponding 6-amino derivative. This may be accomplished with a palladium catalyst as is known in the art. Such a reaction is exemplified in the working examples and the reader's attention is directed to Preparation 1 for further details.

Medical and Cosmetic Uses

The compounds of Formula I are androgen receptor antagonists. They can be used to alleviate any condition associated with inappropriate activation of the androgen receptor. Examples of such conditions include prostate carcinomas, benign hyperplasia of the prostate, acne, hirsutism, seborrhoea, alopecia, premenstrual syndrome, lung cancer, and precocious puberty.

In order to exhibit the therapeutic properties described above, the compounds need to be administered in a quantity sufficient to inhibit activation of the androgen receptor. This antagonistic amount can vary depending upon the particular disease/condition being treated, the severity of the patient's disease/condition, the patient, the particular compound being administered, the route of administration, and the presence of other underlying disease states within the patient, etc. When administered systemically, the compounds typically exhibit their effect at a dosage range of from about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day for any of the diseases or conditions listed above. Repetitive daily administration may be desirable and will vary according to the conditions outlined above.

The compounds of the present invention may be administered by a variety of routes. They are effective if administered orally. The compounds may also be administered parenterally (i.e. subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, or intrathecally), rectally, or topically.

In a typical embodiment, the compounds are administered topically. Topical administration is especially appropriate for hirsutism, alopecia, acne and hyperseborhhea. The dose will vary, but as a general guideline, the compound will be present in a dermatologically acceptable carrier in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 w/w % and the dermatological preparation will be applied to the affected area from 1 to 4 times daily. “Dermatologically acceptable” refers to a carrier which may be applied to the skin or hair, and which will allow the drug to diffuse to the site of action. More specifically, it refers the site where inhibition of activation of an androgen receptor is desired.

In a further embodiment, the compounds are used topically to relieve alopecia, especially androgenic alopecia. Androgens have a profound effect on both hair growth and hair loss. In most body sites, such as the beard and pubic skin, androgens stimulate hair growth by prolonging the growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen) and increasing follicle size. Hair growth on the scalp does not require androgens but, paradoxically, androgens are necessary for balding on the scalp in genetically predisposed individuals (androgeneic alopecia) where there is a progressive decline in the duration of anagen and in hair follicle size. Men castrated before puberty fail to grow beards and do not go bald. If subsequently treated with testosterone about one third of male castrates will show balding. Androgeneic alopecia is also common in women where it usually present as a diffuse hair loss rather than showing the patterning seen in men.

As used in this application “alopecia” refers to partial or complete hair loss on the scalp. The compounds will typically be used to alleviate androgenetic alopecia. This condition afflicts both men and women. In males, the hair loss begins in the lateral frontal areas or over the vertex. For females, it is typically associated with thinning of the hair in the frontal and parietal regions. Complete hair loss in females is rare.

While the compounds will most typically be used to alleviate androgenic alopecia, the invention is not limited to this specific condition. The compounds may be used to alleviate any type of alopecia. Examples of non-androgenic alopecia include alopecia greata, alopecia due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, scarring alopecia, stress related alopecia, etc.

Thus, the compounds can be applied topically to the scalp and hair to prevent, or alleviate balding. Further, the compound can be applied topically in order to induce or promote the growth of hair on the scalp.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a compound of Formula I is applied topically in order to prevent the growth of hair in areas where such hair growth is not desired. One such use will be to alleviate hirsutism. Hirsutism is excessive hair growth in areas that typically do not have hair (i.e. a female face). Such inappriate hair growth occurs most commonly in women and is frequently seen at menopause. The topical administration of the compounds will alleviate this condition leading to a reduction, or elimination of this inappropriate, or undesired, hair growth.

The compounds may also be used topically to decrease seborrhea production and more specifically to alleviate hyperseborrhoea (oily skin). Likewise the compounds can be used topically alleviate acne.

Formulations

If desired, the compounds can be administered directly without any carrier. However, to ease administration, they will typically be formulated into pharmaceutical carriers. Likewise, they will most typically be formulated into dermatological, or cosmetic carriers. In this application the terms “dermatological carrier” and “cosmetic” carrier are being used interchangeably. They refer to formulations designed for administration directly to the skin or hair.

Pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions can be manufactured utilizing techniques known in the art. Typically an antagonistic amount of the compound will be admixed with a pharmaceutically/cosmetically acceptable carrier.

For oral administration, the compounds can be formulated into solid or liquid preparations such as capsules, pills, tablets, lozenges, melts, powders, suspensions, or emulsions. Solid unit dosage forms can be capsules of the ordinary gelatin type containing, for example, surfactants, lubricants and inert fillers such as lactose, sucrose, and cornstarch or they can be sustained release preparations.

In another embodiment, the compounds of Formula I can be tableted with conventional tablet bases such as lactose, sucrose, and cornstarch in combination with binders, such as acacia, cornstarch, or gelatin, disintegrating agents such as potato starch or alginic acid, and a lubricant such as stearic acid or magnesium stearate. Liquid preparations are prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in an aqueous or non-aqueous pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, which may also contain suspending agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, and preservative agents as are known in the art.

For parenteral administration the compounds may be dissolved in a physiologically acceptable pharmaceutical carrier and administered as either a solution or a suspension. Illustrative of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are water, saline, dextrose solutions, fructose solutions, ethanol, or oils of animal, vegetative, or synthetic origin. The pharmaceutical carrier may also contain preservatives, buffers, etc., as are known in the art. When the compounds are being administered intrathecally, they may also be dissolved in cerebrospinal fluid as is known in the art.

The compounds of this invention will typically be administered topically. As used herein, topical refers to application of the compounds (and optional carrier) directly the skin or hair. The topical composition according to the present invention can be in the form of solutions, lotions, salves, creams, ointments, liposomes, sprays, gels, roller sticks, or any other method using micelles and pharmaceutically acceptable penetration enhancers

Thus, a further embodiment relates to cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions, in particular dermatological compositions, which comprise at least one of the compounds corresponding to Formula I above. Such dermatological compositions will contain from 0.001% to 10% w/w % of the compounds in admixture with a dermatologically acceptable carrier, and more typically, from 0.1 to 5 w/w % of the acompounds. Such compositions will typically be applied from 1 to 4 times daily.

The compositions according to the invention can also consist of solid preparations constituting cleansing soaps or bars. These compositions are prepared according to the usual methods.

The compounds can also be used for the hair in the form of aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic solutions, or in the form of creams, gels, emulsions or mousses, or alternatively in the form of aerosol compositions also comprising a propellant under pressure. The composition according to the invention can also be a hair care composition, and in particular a shampoo, a hair-setting lotion, a treating lotion, a styling cream or gel, a dye composition (in particular an oxidation dye composition) optionally in the form of coloring shampoos, restructuring lotions for the hair, a permanent-waving composition (in particular a composition for the first stage of a permanent-waving operation), a lotion or gel for preventing hair loss, etc. The amounts of the various constituents in the dermatological compositions according to the invention are those conventionally used in the fields considered.

The medicinals and cosmetics containing the compounds of the invention will typically be packaged for retail distribution (i.e. an article of manufacture). Such articles will be labeled and packaged in a manner to instruct the patient how to use the product. Such instructions will include the condition, which may be treated, duration of treatment, dosing schedule, etc.

The compounds of Formula I may also be admixed with any inert carrier and utilized in laboratory assays in order to determine the concentration of the compounds within the serum, urine, etc., of the patient as is known in the art. The compounds may also be used as a research tool.

While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention. The following examples and biological data is being presented in order to further illustrate the invention. This disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention in any manner.

EXAMPLES Materials & Methods

Column chromatography was carried out on SiO₂ (40–63 mesh). LCMS data were obtained using a Phenomenex Mercury Luna 3μ C₁₈ column (2×10 mm, flow rate=1.5 mL min⁻¹) eluting with a 5% MeCN in H₂O—MeCN solution (4:1 to 1:4) containing 0.1% HCO₂H over 2.55 min & diode array detection. The mass spectra were obtained employing an electrospray ionisation source in the positive (ES⁺) & negative (ES⁻) ion modes. Preparative mass-directed liquid chromatographic purification was carried out utilising a Waters Xterra 5μ C₁₈ column (19×50 mm, flow rate=20 mL min⁻) eluting with a 5% MeCN in H₂O—MeCN solution (4:1 to 1:4) containing 0.1% HCO₂H over 7 min & diode array detection. ¹H NMR spectra were recorded at 400 MHz on a Varian Mercury spectrometer at 27° C. The deuterated solvent was used as the lock, while the residual solvent peak was employed as internal reference. Acronyms: DMAP=4-dimethylaminopyridine; HATU=O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; NMP=1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone; PE=petroleum ether (B.p.=60–80° C.); RT=retention time.

Starting Materials Preparation 1: 6-Amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one

6-Nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (2.50 g, 9.7 mmol) was methylated with KOH (5.46 g, 97.3 mmol) & MeI (6.1 mL, 97.3 mmol), as to give 1-methyl-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (1.52 g, 57%): δ_(H) (CDCl₃)=3.80 (s, 3H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 8.50 (dd, 1H), 8.75 (d, 1H). An EtOAc (50 mL) solution of this compound (1.26 g, 4.6 mmol) was treated with a slurry of Pd (10% on C, 95 mg, 0.09 mmol) in i-PrOH (2 mL). The mixture was stirred under a H₂ atmosphere for 80 min, then more Pd (10% on C, 24 mg, 0.02 mmol) was added. After 20 min under H₂, the mixture was filtered through Celite & the solvent removed to yield the title compound (1.06 g, 95%): δ_(H) (CDCl₃)=3.70 (s, 3H), 3.75–3.85 (br s, 2H), 7.00–7.10 (m, 3H), 7.20 (d, 1H).

Compounds of Formula I Example 1 1-(1-Methyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-phenylurea

A solution of 6-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (Preparation 1, 48 mg, 200 μmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) was treated with PhNCO (33 μL, 300 μmol) & pyridine (16 μL, 20 μmol). The mixture was stirred for 16 h & then partitioned between EtOAc (30 mL) & H₂O (20 mL). The organic layer was washed with H₂O (20 mL) & brine (20 mL), before being dried (MgSO₄). After filtration, the solution was concentrated & a precipitate formed. This precipitate was collected by filtration & washed with cold EtOAc to give the title compound (58 mg, 80%): δ_(H) ((CD₃)₂SO)=3.60 (s, 3H), 7.00 (t, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.30 (t, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.65 (d, 1H), 7.75 (dd, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 9.00 (s, 1H); m/z (ES⁺)=362.2

[M+H]⁺.

Example 2 1-(1-Methyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-phenylthiourea

Reaction of 6-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (Preparation 1, 48 mg, 200 μmol) with PhNCS (36 μL, 300 μmol), by the procedure outlined for Example 1, provided the title compound (76 mg, quant): δ_(H) ((CD₃)₂SO)=3.65 (s, 3H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.15 (t, 1H), 7.35 (t, 2H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.65 (d, 1H), 7.90–7.95 (m, 2H), 9.90–10.05 (br, 2H); m/z (ES⁺)=378.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 3 1-(1-Methyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(2-p-tolylethyl)thiourea

6-Amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (Preparation 1, 200 μL of a 0.2 M solution in NMP, 40 μmol) was treated with pyridine (20 μL of a 0.2 M solution in NMP, 4 μmol) & 4-methylphenethyl isothiocyanate (240 μL of a 0.2 M solution in NMP, 48 μmol). After 7 d, the mixture was concentrated, then the residue was washed with MeCN (2×150 μL) to give the title compound (3.3 mg, 20%): RT=1.87 min; m/z (ES⁺)=420.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 4 1-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea

Reaction of 6-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (Preparation 1, 200 μL of a 0.2 M solution in NMP, 40 μmol) with 2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl isothiocyanate (240 μL of a 0.2 M solution in NMP, 48 μmol), by the procedure outlined for Example 492, furnished the title compound (7.1 mg, 40%): RT=1.95 min; m/z (ES⁺)=440.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 5 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-phenyl-thiourea

6-Amino-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (76 mg, 333 μmol) was reacted with PhNCS (200 μL, 1670 μmol), by the procedure outlined for Example 1, to furnish, after column chromatography (PE-EtOAc, 7:3 to 1:3), the title compound (100 mg, 96%): δ_(H) ((CD₃)₂SO)=6.95 (s, 1H), 7.10 (t, 1H), 7.30 (t, 2H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.75 (dd, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 9.80–9.90 (br, 2H); m/z (ES⁺)=364.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 6 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-phenylthiourea

Reaction of 6-amino-4-trifluoromethylchromen-2-one (37 mg, 160 μmol) with PhNCS (29 μL, 240 μmol), by the procedure outlined for Example 1 gave the title compound (44 mg, 76%): δ_(H) ((CD₃)₂SO)=7.05 (s, 1H), 7.15 (t, 1H), 7.35 (t, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.85 (dd, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 9.90-10.00 (br, 2H); m/z (ES⁺)=365.1 [M+H]⁺.

Examples 7–56 (2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)ureas, (2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thioureas, (2-oxo-4-trifluoro-methyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)ureas, & (2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-thioureas (Table 3)

These compounds were prepared by solution phase parallel synthesis. The appropriate aniline (200 μL of a 0.2 M solution in NMP, 40 μmol) was mixed with pyridine (20 μL of a 0.2 M solution in NMP, 4 μmol) & the appropriate isocyanate/isothiocyanate (240 μL of a 0.2 M solution in NMP, 48 μmol) in 1 well of a 96-well plate using an automated liquid handler. After agitating for 6 d, the solvents were evaporated off under reduced pressure & DMSO (450 μL) was added. The mixtures were agitated for 8 h to effect dissolution, before being subjected to preparative mass-directed liquid chromatographic purification to provide the compounds displayed in

TABLE 1 Example CHEMISTRY Name RT Base Peak 7

1-Naphthalen-1-yl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.67 414.1 [M + H]⁺ 8

1-Cyclopropylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.55 342.1 [M + H]⁺ 9

1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethy]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.62 452.2 [M + H]⁺ 10

1-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.60 424.1 [M + H]⁺ 11

1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.75 432.0 [M + H]⁺ 12

1-Furan-2-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.55 368.1 [M + H]⁺ 13

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-p-tolylthiourea 1.68 378.1 [M + H]⁺ 14

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)thiourea 1.46 372.1 [M + H]⁺ 15

1-(2-Cyclohex-1-enylethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-thiourea 1.87 396.1 [M + H]⁺ 16

1-(2-Isopropylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.73 406.1 [M + H]⁺ 17

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiourea 1.81 432.1 [M + H]⁺ 18

1-(5-Chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.73 458.2 [M + H]⁺ 19

1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.55 394.2 [M + H]⁺ 20

1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.60 382.2 [M + H]⁺ 21

1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-thiourea 1.40 346.2 [M + H]⁺ 22

1-Allyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.45 328.2 [M + H]⁺ 23

1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.81 394.2 [M + H]⁺ 24

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(2-p-tolylethyl)thiourea 1.77 406.2 [M + H]⁺ 25

1-Methyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.27 302.1 [M + H]⁺ 26

1-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.83 426.1 [M + H]⁺ 27

1-Isopropyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.51 330.2 [M + H]⁺ 28

1-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.61 387.2 [M − H]⁻ 29

1-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea 1.76 392.2 [M + H]⁺ 30

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-o-tolylthiourea 1.60 378.2 [M + H]⁺ 31

1-Naphthalen-1-yl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.90 415.1 [M + H]⁺ 32

1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.84 453.2 [M + H]⁺ 33

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)urea 2.04 431.1 [M − H]⁻ 34

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)urea 2.08 441.2 [M + H]⁺ 35

1-Furan-2-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.76 369.1 [M + H]⁺ 36

1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-thiourea 1.84 409.1 [M + H]⁺ 37

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-p-tolylthiourea 1.87 379.1 [M + H]⁺ 38

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)thiourea 1.65 373.2 [M + H]⁺ 39

1-(3-Isopropylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.92 407.2 [M + H]⁺ 40

1-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.85 423.1 [M + H]⁺ 41

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiourea 1.94 431.1 [M − H]⁻ 42

1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.83 395.1 [M + H]⁺ 43

1-(2-Cyclohex-1-enylethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 2.09 397.2 [M + H]⁺ 44

1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.84 381.1 [M − H]⁻ 45

1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea 2.11 415.1 [M − H]⁻ 46

1-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea 1.90 393.2 [M + H]⁺ 47

1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethy-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.84 395.1 [M + H]⁺ 48

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(2-p-tolylethyl)thiourea 2.00 407.1 [M + H]⁺ 49

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-phenethylthiourea 1.95 393.1 [M + H]⁺ 50

1-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 2.07 427.1 [M + H]⁺ 51

1-(4-Methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.85 409.1 [M + H]⁺ 52

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea 1.96 381.1 [M − H]⁻ 53

1-Hexyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea 1.95 357.2 [M + H]⁺ 54

1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-o-tolylthiourea 1.80 379.1 [M + H]⁺ 55 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.93 397.1 [M − H]⁻ 56 1-(2,4-Dimethyloxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea 1.81 425.1 [M + H]⁺ 

1. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in which; a. M is NZ b. Z is represented by H or C₁–C₄ alkyl; c. R¹ is represented by hydrogen, (C₁–C₂)alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halogens, or (C₁–C₂)alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more halogens; d. R² is absent, or may represent up to 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl, (C₂–C₄)alkenyl, (C₂–C₄)alkynyl, (C₁–C₄)alkoxy, (C₁–C₂)alkyl substituted with one or more halogens, (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted with one or more halogens, SR⁴, and NR⁴R⁵; e. X is represented by O or S; f. A is represented by hydrogen, (C₁–C₈)alkyl, (C₂–C₈)alkenyl, (C₂–C₈)alkynyl, —[CH₂]_(m)C(O)OR⁴, —[CH₂]_(m)C(O)R⁴, —[CH_(m)]_(m)C(O)NR⁴R⁵, —[CH₂]_(m)-D-[CH₂]_(n)—CH₃, or (CH₂)_(n)—R³—R⁶; g. D is O or S; h. m is an integer selected from 1 to 6; i. n is an integer from 0 to 6; j. R³ is represented by optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, C₃–C₈ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heterocyclic; k. R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently represented by hydrogen, (C₁–C₄)alkyl, optionally substituted benzyl or optionally substituted phenyl, and; l. R⁶ is absent, or is represented by a substituent selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted phenoxy, C₃–C₈ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic, and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
 2. The compound according to claim 1 in which Z is H.
 3. The compound according to claim 1 in which R¹ is —CF3.
 4. The compound according to claim 1 in which R² is absent.
 5. The compound according to claim 1 in which X is O.
 6. The compound according to claim 1 in which X is S.
 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 in admixture with 1, or more, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
 8. A topical pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound according to claim 1 in admixture with 1, or more, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients suitable for dermal application.
 9. A kit comprising a compound according to claim 1 packaged for retail distribution which advises a consumer how to utilize the compound to alleviate a condition selected from the group consisting of acne, alopecia, and oily skin.
 10. A compound according to claim 1 selected from the group consisting of; 1-(1-Methyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-phenylurea; 1-(1-Methyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-phenylthiourea; 1-(1-Methyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(2-p-tolylethyl)thiourea; 1-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-phenyl-thiourea; 1-Naphthalen-1-yl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-Cyclopropylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-Furan-2-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-p-tolylthiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)thiourea; 1-(2-Cyclohex-1-enylethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-thiourea; 1-(2-Isopropylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiourea; 1-(5-Chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-thiourea; 1-Allyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-(2-p-tolylethyl)thiourea; 1-Methyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-Isopropyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)thiourea; and 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-o-tolylthiourea.
 11. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in which; a. M is O; b. R¹ is represented by —CF³ c. R² is absent, or may represent up to 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitrile, hydroxy, (C₁–C₄)alkyl, (C₂–C₄)alkenyl, (C₂–C₄)alkynyl, (C₁–C₄)alkoxy, (C₁–C₂)alkyl substituted with one or more halogens, (C₁–C₂)alkoxy substituted with one or more halogens, SR⁴, and NR⁴R⁵; d. X is represented by O or S; e. A is represented by hydrogen, (C₁–C₈)alkyl, (C₂–C₈)alkenyl, (C₂–C₈)alkynyl, —[CH₂]_(m)C(O)OR⁴, —[CH₂]_(m)C(O)R⁴, —[CH₂]_(m)C(O)NR⁴R⁵, —[CH₂]_(m)-D-[CH₂]_(n)—CH₃, or (CH₂)_(n)—R³—R⁶; f. D is O or S; g. m is an integer selected from 1 to 6; h. n is an integer from 0 to 6; i. R³ is represented by optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, C₃–C₈ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heterocyclic; j. R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently represented by hydrogen, (C₁–C₄)alkyl, optionally substituted benzyl or optionally substituted phenyl, and; k. R⁶ is absent, or is represented by a substituent selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted phenoxy, C₃–C₈ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic, and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
 12. A topical pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound according to claim 11 in admixture with 1, or more, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients suitable for dermal application.
 13. A compound according to claim 10 selected from the group consisting of: 1-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-phenylthiourea; 1-Naphthalen-1-yl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)urea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)urea; 1-Furan-2-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-p-tolylthiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)thiourea; 1-(3-Isopropylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-Benzo[1 ,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiourea; 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Cyclohex-1-enylethyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)Urea; 1-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea; 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-(2-p-tolylethyl)thiourea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-phenethylthiourea; 1-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(4-Methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea; 1-Hexyl-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)urea; 1-(2-Oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)-3-o-tolylthiourea; 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea; and 1-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)thiourea. 